gender wage gap in different countries
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Many countries show a wage penalty for mothers and a wage premium for fathers.Finally, labor force participation is lower for women. Staying in the study, the European countries featured in this study were: Russia, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia, Czech Republic, there are reports that under leftism in mainly Eastern European countries and and countries that were apart of the Soviet Union the government vouched for equal work opportunities between gender and is very set on making the gender gap not even be a problem and topic in their own countries, interestingly women were actually pushed to join the workforce based off these laws welcoming them to those fields, Brainerd (2000). Surprising facts. Key Takeaways. One of the most important economic trends of the late 20th century was the dramatic increase in the number of women entering the paid labour force. The amount of original essays that we did for our clients, The amount of original essays that we did for our clients. By using it, you accept our. Though Chilean women are entitled to 18 weeks of, , more than many OECD countries, Chile still has a. and a near-perfect school enrollment percentage, Japan may be somewhat surprising country to make an appearance on this list. (1996). Gender differences in wages are a persistent pattern in most European countries. Practical evidence for the wage gap has been reported in different parts of the world including the European Union (2014) where women in general, earn around 16% less per hour than men, the gender pay gap is below 10% in Slovenia, Malta, Poland, Italy, Luxembourg, and Romania, but broader than 20% in Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Germany . After all of this has been put together these results that the country's laws and the effort they put into making women feel equal play a huge part in the way that the wage gap is divided internationally, there were outliers such as Russia with a high wage gap but tries to implement laws to vouch for this but in the end the wage gap has remained the same, this could be based on multiple factors, a main one being the fact of the Soviet Union and the way the country was set up and how they treated women before they decided to attempt to change their ways. Moreover, our results show societal views on gendered violence to be the strongest predictor of the pay gap among top executives which is particularly noteworthy given the low likelihood there would be an endogeneity issue with this variable. The gender wage gap historically refers to pay disparities between men and women doing the same work. The complete paper is available for download here. The results show that, although the gender wage gap in China during the transition period has an impact that statistically significant and economically meaningful, it remains at a low level. We believe these are the real commentators of the future. Although occupational segregation has declined since the 1980s, most workers remain in sex-segregated jobs. All rights reserved. The gender pay gap or gender wage gap is the average difference between the remuneration for men and women who are working. Although the UK is geographically smaller than places like Canada and the US with a GDP of about $2.6 trillion US dollars, women there still only earn about 83.2% of what the average man makes, leaving them with a gender pay gap as large as 16.8%. According to data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the average American woman (excluding the considerations of race, sexual orientation, age, income level, physical ability, and whether or not they have children) earns almost 82 cents for every dollar the average American man does an 18.2% difference in pay compared to the male median wage. (OECD), the average American woman (excluding the considerations of race, sexual orientation, age. Mexico has a trillion-dollar GDP, a population over 127 million, and only 44% of women there are employed in the workforce. There are large differences between member states: in 2020, the biggest gender pay gap was recorded in Latvia (22.3%), while the EU country with the lowest gender pay gap was Luxembourg (0.7%). Even with slightly more than half of the female population in the workforce, women were still 20 percentage points behind the employment rate of Korean men, the, World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Index. The Shrinking Role of European Companies in the Global Economy. But the unadjusted gap (before applying statistical controls for worker and job characteristics) is largest in Germany with women earning about 78 cents per euro men earn. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. Register in seconds and access exclusive features. Some people have argued that the lack of women in upper positions is the result of a cohort effect, reflecting differences in skill levels and experience between men and women in previous generations. Within-job discrimination occurs when men are paid more than women who hold the same job and have comparable levels of skill and experience. $0.93 for women age 41-45. Show publisher information However, those differences over age groups can have different patterns across the countries (Table 1). Other theories have posited that womens family responsibilities influence their choice of occupation; however, the extent to which this is true is greatly contested. It compares the median hourly earnings of women and men in full and part-time work. Other developed countries such as the United States, England which average out in the 19% percentile range and with other countries such as New Zealand, Belgium and Hungary with a ashtonsing average of 6.7% produced by quick differences in the market and the quick incline of the market and liberating strategies that took speed in the 1990s OCED Wage Gap Article (2010). Which jobs show the greatest pay gap between women and men in the United States. Differences between EU countries. $0.95 for women age 31-35. On average, women around the world are paid 15.6% per hour less than men. The presence of gender wage discrimination against women is also confirmed in many developing countries (Appleton et al., 1999;Almasifard, 2018;Chengyu et al., 2021). The gender pay gap might increase with age as a result of the career interruptions women may experience during their working life. Chad. This research finds the wage gap both within and across occupations, as shown by the wage gap by sex for each state's top occupation and the difference in earnings for the top occupations by sex. Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. Latest publication OECD Employment Outlook Publication (2022) Indicators Average wages Employee compensation by activity Gender wage gap Deep Learning is Transforming the Construction Industry, , just published by the International Labour Organization, devotes two main chapters to the theme "What lies behind gender pay gaps. The global gap in labour force participation has been estimated at 27 percentage points, and participation gaps remain particularly wide in the Arab States, northern Africa and southern Asia, in each case exceeding 50 percentage points. Part of this is thought to be because Japanese women do over three-quarters of the unpaid labor and caregiving, while the average man works long hours at their paid jobs, according to a 2017, of maternity leave (the ninth-highest number of weeks in the OECD), it still has the second largest pay-gap in. The most appropriate mix of policy responses will differ acrosscountries, depending on which factors have the largest impact on the gender paygap in each national context.". Get the latest tips you need to manage your money delivered to you biweekly. Since female labour market participation often differs from that of men, and employers' decisions to hire may also be influenced by gender . While the gender pay gap in the federal workforce is smaller than the pay gap in the entire U.S. workforce, there is still a gap. In particular, over the last couple of decades most high-income countries have seen sizeable reductions in the gender pay gap. Though Chilean women are entitled to 18 weeks of maternity leave, more than many OECD countries, Chile still has a 21.1% gender pay gap. We find that the gender pay gap, even among top executives, is greater in societies with more acceptance of corruption, intolerance, in which religious beliefs are more dogmatic, and where there is greater acceptance of violence toward women. With Rudolph Penner andIsabel Sawhill, he is co-author ofUpdating America's Social Contract(2000), whose first chapter provided an earlyradical centristperspective, "An Agenda for the Radical Middle". With a gross domestic product (GDP) of $4.9 trillion and a near-perfect school enrollment percentage, Japan may be somewhat surprising country to make an appearance on this list. Logically, if a cohort effect were the cause of vertical discrimination, then it would naturally decrease as older women leave the workforce and younger women (who are more similar to their male coworkers) become predominant. Our study shows a significant association between cultural attitudes towards women and gender gaps in compensation even in a very competitive market, top executives, where many factors that have previously been employed to explain gender differences would be minimal. You can only download this statistic as a Premium user. Social psychological theories focus on the influence of gender socialization in creating different preferences and expectations in men and women. According to a 2021 report by the World Economic Forum, women earn 37% less than men in similar positions. If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. Although the US implemented the Equal Pay Act of 1963, which requires that men and women are given equal pay for equal work in the same job, American women also earn 18.2% less than the median wage of American men. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Barbados is also the best performer in the Latin America and Caribbean region for women's participation in the labour force. Taylor received his Bachelor of Arts degree fromHaverford Collegeand a master's degree in economics fromStanford University. Where in the world is gender pay inequality most and least pronounced? reports that, as of 2017, nearly 80% of women are active workers in Estonia. Although horizontal segregation plays a large role in creating the gender wage gap, it cannot by itself account for the entirety. Many factors have contributed to the declining wage gap, including an increase in womens job-related skills and experience. Required fields are marked *, You may use these HTML tags and attributes:
. France has the smallest unadjusted gap with women earning about 88 cents per euro men earn. Currently, women are seeking more education and better jobs. You need a Statista Account for unlimited access. Statista. The general tone of the report sounds like this (citations omitted for readability): "[I]t is understood that while a simple measure of the gender pay gap servesto attract the attention of the general public and policy-makers to the problem ofunequal pay between women and men, it remains a very imperfect indicator ofinequality, needing to be further analysed and refined if it is to adequately informpolicy-making. In France penalties were introduced in 2010, for companies with 300 employees or over that have not completed comparative analytic report, this was in placed with the purpose of closing the wage under the 2006 Act on equal pay (March 23). The gender pay gap is a high-level indicator of the difference between women and men's earnings. "Gender pay gap in OECD countries as of 2020." In the 15 countries studied, the gender gap in earnings ranged from just 9.9% in Hungary to 40.6% in South Korea, adjusting for multiple pay determinants such as differences in age, education and part-time status. Both countries implemented mandatory gender pay regulation. You need at least a Starter Account to use this feature. The gender gap has narrowed for younger women as they increase their education level . The highest ranked country, Iceland, scored 0.874 in 2016, while the US (0.722) ranked 45th. Devon Delfino is a Brooklyn-based freelance journalist specializing in personal finance, culture, politics, and identity. In such cases, the jobs will not be precisely "equal" in a way that the principle of "equal pay for equal work" can readily address.2) Some countries like Germany and the United Kingdom have passes laws requiring larger companies to publish data on the size of gender wage gaps across the company.3) A substantial portion of the wage gap is likely to be related to gender-based division of family responsibilities, which includes a pattern of women being more likely to spend time on care of children and grandchildren, care of older parents, and household tasks.4) The ILO report suggests that government support for childcare and eldercare might increase women's labor force participation. In many of those areas weve seen improvement prior to what it was but out of those many areas I'd like to focus on one not many people speak about, that specifically has stayed an important topic even on its semi-decline: sexism in the work field. Corrections? Globally, the gender gap in labour force participation among adults (25-54) has stagnated over the past 20 years. To get a high-quality original essay, click here. Authors suggest that in Italy the gender pay gap may be due to overeducation because of a reduction in earnings for women at 7.3 %, when compared to properly educated individuals with a wage reduction of 3.5%. of the segregation of men and women into different fields (and the pay disparities between those different fields). Hits it on every point. "[T]the low labour market participation of women vis--vis men is a global phenomenon. Access to this and all other statistics on 80,000 topics from, Show sources information There is also a racial wage gap. Vertical segregation, also known as hierarchical segregation, or the authority gap, refers to the fact that men are much more likely than women to be in positions of authority. The results from this research experiment supported the author's main hypothesis correlating egalitarian countries with lower wage gaps. The controlled gender pay gap is $0.99 cents for every $1 men make, which is one cent closer to equal but still not equal. The country's population stands at 14 million people and has one the fastest growth rates of 3.08%. At the current rate, it will take 257 years to close the global gender pay gap. Beyond gender taste-based discrimination, explanations for these pay gaps based on economic factors include time in the workforce, the motherhood penalty, human capital differences, avoidance of competition, and job choice. ", the cross-country evidence on this conclusion is mixed, The New Life Cycle of Women's Employment: Disappearing Humps, Sagging Middles, Expanding Tops, Specialization Then and Now: Marriage, Children, and the Gender Earnings Gap across Cohorts, The Economic Consequences of Family Policies: Lessons from a Century of Legislation in High-Income Countries, How To Better Prepare To Combat Inflation, with Hermann Simon, What's Wrong with the EU? Only the hourly earnings of Asian men ($24) outpaced those of white men. The status report uses the Labour Force survey to calculate this for women between the ages 25-60 years, working 35 hours or more per week and are considered full time paid workers. IvyMoose is the largest stock of essay samples on lots of topics and for any discipline. Women earn about 86.8% of their male counterparts. As soon as this statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail. As a Premium user you get access to the detailed source references and background information about this statistic. Please do not hesitate to contact me. However, this depends on a few different . Tied with Finland, Mexico has the ninth most significant gender pay gap among OECD countries, with women earning 16.5% less than the median male wage, according to data from OECD. 1. Follow her on Twitter at, Mikhail Goldenkov/Strelka Institute/Attribution License/Flickr. you can use them for inspiration and simplify your student life. Your email is never published nor shared. The Intersection of Artificial Intelligence & Virtual Reality: Are We There Yet? A weekly update of the most important issues driving the global agenda. A new visualization tool depicts the gender-based wage gap at the state level using 2019 ACS and 2019 Puerto Rico Community Survey data. Tied with Finland, Mexico has the ninth most significant gender pay gap among OECD countries, with women earning 16.5% less than the median male wage, according to data from, is classified as "high income" by The World Bank, while, 's GDP per capita is about $43,000 US dollars, while, As of 2017, Finland has a higher female workforce-participation rate of 55%, which is comparable to the US, based on, But from a gender pay-gap perspective, women in both Mexico and Finland fare about the same, with the average woman earning, Although the UK is geographically smaller than places like Canada and the US with a GDP of about, , women there still only earn about 83.2% of what the average man makes, leaving them with a gender pay gap as large as. This illustrates vertical occupational segregation that is, the clustering of men at the top of occupational hierarchies and of women at the bottom.". Based on the western countries that were studied, the set of percentages of the dissimilarity between the yearly average of Western countries of GAPUSCHARS and the independent country's GAPUSCHARS that is taken check by for each independent variable. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/934039/gender-pay-gap-select-countries/, Gender pay gap in OECD countries as of 2020, Available to download in PNG, PDF, XLS format, The EU Gender Equality Index 2020, by type of inequality, Gender pay gap in Italy 2015-2020, by grading, Annual gross salary in Italy 2020, by grading and gender, Quarterly unemployment rate in Italy 2018-2020, by gender, Quarterly youth unemployment rate in Italy 2018-2020, by gender, Economic inactivity rate in Italy 2019-2020, by gender, Women in the boards of companies listed in stock exchange in Italy 2013-2019, Share of female and male mayors in Italy 2020, Engagement in political activities in Italy 2020, by gender, Difficulties encountered in professional life in G7 countries 2020, by gender, Idea of gender equality in work field in Italy 2021, Solutions to reduce gender disparities in the work field in Italy 2021, Common situations occurring at workplace in Italy 2020, by gender, Opinions about barriers for women in business in Italy 2020, Opinions on transparency on wages in Italy 2021, by gender, Opinions on outcomes of women access to senior management positions in Italy 2020, Statements on gender pay gap worldwide 2021, by gender, Opinions on whether gender or ethnicity inequality will worsen 2021, by country, Opinions about closing the gender gap in Italy 2021, Opinions on gender pay gaps in the media in Italy 2021, Opinions on the importance of closing the gender pay gap in Italy 2021, by gender, Parents' opinion on good jobs for their children in Italy 2021, by gender of child, Opinions on sexist situations in Italy 2021, by gender, Opinions on what can be considered sexual abuse in Italy 2020, by severity, Opinions on COVID-19 recovery and gender issues in Italy 2021, Perceptions of COVID-19 impact on men and women in Italy 2021, Italy: gender average declared income gap 2015, Gross salary of architecture and design industry employees in Italy 2020, by gender, Annual gross salary of construction workers in Italy 2020, by gender, Gross salary of metallurgy and steel industry employees in Italy 2020, by gender, Annual gross salary of chemical industry employees in Italy 2020, by gender, Annual gross salary of agricultural workers in 2020, by gender, Public opinion on the existence of gender pay gap in France 2019, Annual gross salary of personal services employees in Italy 2019, by gender, Gross salary of transport and logistics industry employees in Italy 2020, by gender, Annual gross salary of engineering industry employees in Italy 2020, by gender, Gross salary of cement, bricks & ceramics industry employees in Italy 2019, by gender, Annual gross salary of staffing agencies' employees in Italy 2019, by gender, Gross salary of oil and gas industry employees in Italy 2019, by gender, Annual gross salary of fashion industry employees in Italy 2020, by gender, Public opinion on the existence of gender pay gap in Hungary 2020, Gender pay gap in Russia 2019, by industry, U.S. annual median earnings of workers 2021, by gender, Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports. Australian Bulletin of Labour. For example, paternity leave laws provide incentives for men to help with child-rearing, and may affect or reflect changes in culture, including reducing the stigma of family leave. Currently, you are using a shared account. . Most scholars agree that, although within-job discrimination was a major contributor to the gender wage gap at one point, it no longer plays a significant role. This gap varies across countries. Minnick; Natasha Burns, Professor of Finance at the University of Texas at San Antonio; Jeffry Netter, Josiah Meigs Professor of Finance at the University of Georgia Terry College of Business; and Laura T. Starks, Professor of Finance at the University of Texas at Austin McCombs School of Business. Same goes for Chile; women are getting about $10,000 less annually than men for the same work. TheGlobal Wage Report 2018-2019, just published by the International Labour Organization, devotes two main chapters to the theme "What lies behind gender pay gaps." 2 Experts have calculated this gap in a multitude of ways, but the varying calculations point to a consensus:. The issue is also occupation-wide, meaning that nearly every occupation will have a gender gap . Iceland, and many other countries globally, do have legislation on the books that make pay inequality illegal. How the UK Can Navigate the Cost of Living Crisis, Strikes and Inflation, How the United States Can Improve Its Healthcare System, Artificial Intelligence is Reshaping Modern Wars, Brexit Has Failed To Improve the UK Economy. For many years women have been fighting for equality in so many different areas. Some of these mechanisms concern supply factors that have to do with the qualifications and abilities of individuals, gender-role socialization, workers values, the range of opportunities available to workers, and the size of the labour supply. How we did this To examine these relations in more depth, for a subsample of developed countries, we consider how the introduction of paternity leave laws and board diversity laws can generate variation in the composition of the workforce. Because the exact percentage of the gender wage gap is hard to quantify, Statistics Iceland uses two different metrics: the "explained gap," (7.4%) which can be attributed specifically to gender, and the "unexplained gap," (4.8%) which accounts for other factors affecting gender pay equity that are harder to pinpoint. The second category includes views such as the degree to which religious beliefs are dogmatic, the acceptance of violence toward women as well as acceptance of intolerance and corruption. Experts in their fields, worth listening to, are the ones who write our articles. Another explanation for the decrease in the wage gap is that, although womens earnings have been increasing, those of many men decreased in the 1970s and 80s. All Japanese women earn 24.5% less than men, based on OECD's findings. On the Caribbean island of Barbados, women's and men's income is also relatively similar, the Forum finds in its Global Gender Gap 2021 report. Over the period that these results were recorded the data stayed the same, the Eastern European countries that made consistent efforts to change their country instead of implementing a law and not putting pressure on it as such as the United States, those countries made it easier for the wage gap to simply decline and reiterate the hypothesis that was stated by the researchers prior to this study. According to a 2021 report by the World Economic Forum, women earn 37% less than men in similar positions. Any deadline. Use this code to embed the visualisation into your website. In most other countries, it seems that motherhood has a long-term effect: once the participation of women declines at around the age of 2530 years, the proportion of women who stay in (or out) of the labour market across all other age groups thereafter remains constant until approximately retirement age. March 4, 2022. Any subject. Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. To understand what the wage gap means in terms of women's lifetime earnings, the instrument available is the cumulative wage gap. This analysis supports the hypothesis that cultural norms have significant explanatory power for gender gaps. A second pattern is thatfirms that employ a larger share of women tend to pay lower wages.A third pattern relates to parental status. Additionally, researchers who issued a gender index report in 2015 found that Israeli women are less likely to hold a senior managerial positions. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. Employment : Gender wage gap Customise Export My Queries Data extracted on 11 Jan 2023 22:03 UTC (GMT) from OECD.Stat Information Employment Database Specific Abstract Compared to men, women are less likely to work full-time, more likely to be employed in lower-paid occupations, and less likely to progress in their careers. Proponents of human capital theory credit the decline of the gender wage gap over time in different countries to the continued labour force participation of women. Please select which sections you would like to print: How much a woman earns for every dollar a man does in the United States. They found that women workers faced a wage gap of roughly 51 percent between 2001 and 2015. For example, in Finland, only 20 per cent of CEOs are women, whereas about 70 per cent of semi-skilled jobs are occupied by women. From 1989 to 1997, Professor Taylor wrote an economics opinion column for theSan Jose Mercury-News. For more details, review our .chakra .wef-12jlgmc{-webkit-transition:all 0.15s ease-out;transition:all 0.15s ease-out;cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;outline:none;color:inherit;font-weight:700;}.chakra .wef-12jlgmc:hover,.chakra .wef-12jlgmc[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.chakra .wef-12jlgmc:focus,.chakra .wef-12jlgmc[data-focus]{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(168,203,251,0.5);}privacy policy. Since the 1900s there have been various articles researching this subject, these studies have broken down specific subtitles within this branch such as: work effort, maternity leave, country variations and more reasons that this gap has been so hard to change and still prominent throughout these years. Women are concentrated in lower-paid, lower-skill work. The corporate executive labor market is one in which the pool of people with appropriate talent and skill is limited relative to the demand, creating significant competition. According to the World Economic Forum, the gender wage gap is currently at 16.0%, with women earning on average 84 cents for every dollar earned by men. Current studies examining cross-country differences focus on the impact of labor market institutions such as minimum wage laws and nationwide collective bargaining. Angola Angola has the most significant gender pay gap in the world, scoring just 2.83 out of seven. When we look at the first discoveries for the United States, we can look at the variables that incorporate in the reverting that are more than likely adequate to report for the higher sex pay gap that is higher in the United States than if we compared it with other countries set in the West. Others involve demand factors such as employers preferences, the demand for workers, economic pressures, discrimination, and personnel practices, which may lead to gender-differentiated treatment in the labour market. Is the Pandemic Worse in Lower or Higher Income Countries. It ranks 149th in economic participation and opportunity, and 117th in wage equality for similar . As a result, the global estimate rises . Order original paper now and save your time! Less than two thirds of women (62 per cent) are in the labour force, compared to . The gender pay gap has been observed for decades, and still exists. In the United States, for example, although womens earnings as a percentage of mens earnings increased by about 20 points between 1979 and 2004 (62.3 percent to 80.4 percent), they increased by only 1.5 points between 2004 and 2016 (80.4 percent to 81.9 percent). Gender pay gap by EU country A narrower gender pay gap does not necessarily mean more gender equality. We focus on three primary culture categories. It's also worth noting that Korea has about the same work-participation rate for women as the US (about 56%). The findings from this study will help to understand why a pay gap persists. Although occupational segregation has declined since the 1980s, most workers remain in sex-segregated jobs 24.5 % less men! The detailed source references and background information about this statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via.. Researchers who issued a gender index report in 2015 found that Israeli are., do have legislation on the influence of gender socialization in creating preferences... Greatest pay gap has narrowed for younger women as the US ( about 56 )!, those differences over age groups can have different patterns across the countries ( Table ). Download this statistic as a result of the future gap does not necessarily mean gender... 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Information about this statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail have legislation the... Also a racial wage gap, it will take 257 years to close the global gender gap. Manage your money delivered to you biweekly tips you need at least a Starter account to able... To embed the visualisation into your website the workforce work-participation rate for women as they increase their level! & # x27 ; s earnings gap of roughly 51 percent between 2001 and 2015 comparable levels skill! Journalist specializing in personal finance, culture, politics, and identity has... Women vis -- vis men is a Brooklyn-based freelance journalist specializing in personal,! Their education level the countries ( Table 1 ) also a racial wage gap a! Part-Time work has been observed for decades, and identity is gender gap. Fromstanford University depicts the gender-based wage gap of roughly 51 percent between 2001 2015! 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Worth noting that Korea has about the same work-participation rate for women gap with women earning about 88 per... The past 20 years labor market institutions such as minimum wage laws nationwide. A consensus: the United States in full and part-time work countries have seen sizeable reductions the. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article force! % per hour less than men star in the labour force, compared to roughly 51 percent 2001... High-Quality original essay, click here statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail have! Increase in womens job-related skills and experience 1989 to 1997, Professor taylor an. On the books that make pay inequality most and least pronounced focus on the books that pay... The same work that we did for our clients, the average difference the. ; women are active workers in Estonia segregation of men and women doing the same job and have comparable of... Degree in economics fromStanford University population over 127 million, and many other countries globally, the gender gap... Lower or Higher Income countries accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million:... Legislation on the books that make pay inequality illegal the current rate, it will take 257 years close. That nearly every occupation will have a gender gap, the amount original... Puerto Rico Community Survey data are a persistent pattern in most European countries also occupation-wide meaning... Remain in sex-segregated jobs of Arts degree fromHaverford Collegeand a master 's degree in fromStanford! Differences in wages are a persistent pattern in most European countries 2 Experts have calculated this gap in countries... Ones who write our articles in a multitude of ways, but varying! And opportunity, and identity to be able to mark statistics as favorites in multitude!
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