cforyourself vitamin d

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Extremely high levels of vitamin D can cause kidney failure, irregular heartbeat, and even death. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of breast cancer. An analysis of NHANES 20092016 data found that only 20.5% of breastfed infants and 31.1% of infants who were not breastfed ingested these recommended amounts of supplements [60]. Some people take very high doses of vitamin D supplements. 25-hydroxyvitamin D assays: Standardization, guidelines, problems, and interpretation. 2. A few examples are provided below. Lancet Diabetes-Endocrinol 2014;2:719-29. Picciano MF. Animal-based foods typically provide some vitamin D in the form of 25(OH)D in addition to vitamin D3. [, Heath AK, Hodge AM, Ebeling PR, Eyles DW, Kvaskoff D, Buchanan DD, et al. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2016;12:693-702. Conclusions about vitamin D and cancer Ann Oncol 2018;29:1468-75. Mayo Clin Proc 2013;88:176-83. [. Season, time of day, length of day, cloud cover, smog, skin melanin content, and sunscreen are among the factors that affect UV radiation exposure and vitamin D synthesis. Low blood levels of vitamin D have also been associated with: An impairment in memory and thinking skills in older adults. [, Rockwell M, Kraak V, Hulver M, Epling J. Participants in the treatment group whose serum 25(OH)D level was less than 70 nmol/L (28 ng/ml) after 4 months received an additional 800 IU/day vitamin D3. [, Sempos CT, Heijboer AC, Bikle DD, Bollerslev J, Bouillon R, Brannon PM, et al. Excess amounts of vitamin D are toxic. Endocrine Connections 2018;7:R294-303. [. [, Weisberg P, Scanlon KS, Li R, Cogswell ME. Supplements 101: Vitamin D 2. - Vitamin D is made in the body when your skin absorbs ultraviolet light, but most people don't get enough sunlight to reach adequate levels One systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 randomized, controlled trials published through 2018 of vitamin D supplementation alone (1020 mcg [400800 IU]/day or more at least every week or as rarely as once a year) for 9 months to 5 years found that the supplements provided no protection from fractures in 34,243 older adults [81]. Food Studies examining the effects of supplemental vitamin D on muscle strength and on rate of decline in muscle function have had inconsistent results [55]. [, Zhou R, Wang M, Huang H, Li W, Hu Y, Wu T. Lower vitamin D status is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Endocrine Society, the National and International Osteoporosis Foundation, and the American Geriatric Society define vitamin D deficiency as the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin (25 OH D) of less than 30 ng/mL. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin produced by our body when our skin is exposed to ultraviolet rays from sunlight. The results showed no association between 25(OH)D levels or vitamin D dose and the risk of falling in the 184 participants who completed the study. Relative effectiveness of oral 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and vitamin D3 in raising wintertime serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in older adults. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1997;21:S24-30. The investigators randomly assigned participants to receive either a bolus oral dose of 2,500 mcg (100,000 IU) vitamin D3 followed by 100 mcg (4,000 IU)/day or a placebo for 16 weeks. [, LeFevre ML. Proportions at risk of deficiency were lowest among children aged 15 years (0.5%), peaked at 7.6% in adults aged 2039 years, and fell to 2.9% among adults aged 60 years and older; patterns were similar for risks of inadequacy. Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption in the gut and maintains adequate serum calcium and phosphate concentrations to enable normal bone mineralization and to prevent hypocalcemic tetany (involuntary contraction of muscles, leading to cramps and spasms). [, Taylor CL, Roseland JM, Coates PM, Pehrsson PR. [, Munger K, Hongell K, Aivo J, Soilu-Hanninen M, Surcel H-M, Ascherio A. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;95:1350-6. In the most recent meta-analysis, 10 randomized clinical trials (including the VITAL trial described below) that included 6,537 cancer cases provided 10 to 50 mcg (400 to 2,000 IU) vitamin D3 daily (six trials) or 500 mcg (20,000 IU)/week to 12,500 mcg (500,000 IU)/year boluses of vitamin D3 (four trials) [91]. The USPSTF also reviewed the seven published studies on the effects of vitamin D supplementation (two of them also included calcium supplementation) on the risk of falls in community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older who did not have osteoporosis or vitamin D deficiency. N Eng J Med 2022;387:299-309. Hossein-nezhad A, Holick MF. JAMA Intern Med 2015;175:745-54. Paediatr Int Child Health 2017;37:84-98. [. Brooks SPJ, Sempos CT. Some studies have used dietary supplements containing the 25(OH)D3 form of vitamin D. Per equivalent microgram dose, 25(OH)D3 is three to five times as potent as vitamin D3 [37,38]. Colorectal cancer In a cohort of 4,733 men, of which 1,731 had prostate cancer, those with 25(OH)D levels of 4570 nmol/L (1828 ng/mL) had a significantly lower risk of the disease than men with either lower or higher values [109]. Comparison of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vitamin D is essential for healthy bones and teeth. [, Kassi E, Adamopoulos C, Basdra EK, Papavassiliou AG. Prostate cancer JAMA 2017;317:1217-8. [, Drinka PJ, Nolten WE. No association between circulating concentrations of vitamin D and risk of lung cancer: An analysis in 20 prospective studies in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the risk of cardiovascular disease: Dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Pediatrics 2020;145:e20193574. [, Yin L, Ordonez-Mena JM, Chen T, Schottker B, Arndt V, Brenner H. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum concentration and total cancer incidence and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. [, Davis CD, Dwyer JT. Weight loss For example, a meta-analysis of 21 studies that included 11,941 men with prostate cancer and 13,870 controls found a 17% higher risk of prostate cancer for participants with higher levels of 25(OH)D [108]. [, Ekwaru JP, Zwicker JD, Holick MF, Giovannucci E, Veugelers PJ. The vitamin D3 and calcium supplements did not reduce breast cancer incidence, and 25(OH)D levels at the start of the study were not associated with breast cancer risk [99]. Cancer Res 2019;79:274-85. So Many Ailments are Helped with Proper C Intake As has become clear from the other areas of Cforyourself, there isn't a lot that enough vitamin C won't help. The federal government's 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans notes that "Because foods provide an array of nutrients and other components that have benefits for health, nutritional needs should be met primarily through foods. For more information about building a healthy dietary pattern, refer to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's MyPlate. Individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more have lower serum 25(OH)D levels than individuals without obesity. Vitamin D alone did not significantly affect the development of new serrated polyps, but the combination of vitamin D with calcium increased the risk almost fourfold. In a subsequent investigation for 4.9 years after the study's end, women who had taken the vitamin D and calcium supplements (many of whom continued to take them) still had the same colorectal cancer risk as those who received placebo [100]. [, Moyer VA. Vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin supplements for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. One might expect a large proportion of the U.S. population to have vitamin D inadequacy on the basis of vitamin D intakes from foods, beverages, and even dietary supplements. [, Yetley EA. August 12, 2022 Use of unstandardized 25(OH)D measures can raise questions about the accuracy of the results and about the validity of conclusions drawn from studies that use such measures and, especially, from meta-analyses that pool data from many studies that use different unstandardized measures [5,9,70]. Circulating vitamin D and colorectal cancer risk: An international pooling project of 17 cohorts. In foods and dietary supplements, vitamin D has two main forms, D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol), that differ chemically only in their side-chain structures. Supplemental vitamin D and incident fractures in midlife and older adults. Salmon is a great source of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D. Choose wild and eat it raw, baked . We encourage you to talk to your health care providers (doctor, registered dietitian, pharmacist, etc.) Vitamin D, calcium, or combined supplementation for the primary prevention of fractures in community-dwelling adults. For infants, the FNB committee developed AIs based on the amount of vitamin D that maintains serum 25(OH)D levels above 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L) and supports bone development. It's also termed hypervitaminosis D. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin. Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis incorporating individual patient data. In the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial (described above), vitamin D3 and calcium supplements had no effect on rates of colorectal cancer. BMC Proceedings, 2018;12(Suppl 6):6. People with dark skin N Engl J Med 2006;354:684-96. Obesity does not affect the skins capacity to synthesize vitamin D. However, greater amounts of subcutaneous fat sequester more of the vitamin [1]. Dietary supplements A systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 observational studies that included a total of 31,424 adults (mean age ranging from 27.5 to 77 years) found an association between deficient or low levels of 25(OH)D and depression [130]. A 2018 Cochrane review analyzed 12 such trials that had a total of 933 participants with MS; the reviewers judged all of these trials to be of low quality [137]. Lung cancer No studies have evaluated whether vitamin D supplements may benefit individuals under medical care for clinical depression who have low or deficient 25(OH)D levels and are taking antidepressant medication. Breastfed infants [, Rafiq S, Jeppesen PB. Those who are older or at risk for . Vitamin D supplementation and risk of toxicity in pediatrics: A review of current literature. The analysis of 20152016 data also showed that 28% of all individuals aged 2 years and older in the United States took a dietary supplement containing vitamin D [39]. However, some groups might need dietary supplements to meet their vitamin D requirements. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and health The Mayo Clinic states that "your body needs macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, and fat) for energy and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) for many functions. Am J Clin Nutr 2019;109:1578-87. [, Thacher TM, Fischer PR, Tebben PJ, Singh RJ, Cha SS, Maxson JA, Yawn BP. Weisberg P, Scanlon KS, Li R, Cogswell ME. Use of vitamin D drops leading to kidney failure in a 54-year-old man. This uneven distribution has led to speculation that lower vitamin D levels in people who have less sunlight exposure might predispose them to the disease [137]. Scientific Reports 2020;10:7736. Nutrients 2019;11,2295; doi:10.3390/nu11102295. It is also needed for bone growth and bone remodeling by osteoblasts and osteoclasts [1-3]. Public Health Nutrition 2020;23:1153-64. In some cases, fortified foods and dietary supplements are useful when it is not possible otherwise to meet needs for one or more nutrients (e.g., during specific life stages such as pregnancy).". JAMA 2018;319:1630. Elsevier, 2018. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2010. Overall, vitamin D supplementation, when compared with placebo administration, had no effect on relevant clinical outcomes, such as recurrent relapse or worsened disability. However, comparing vitamin D intakes to serum 25(OH)D levels is problematic. Hazards of treating osteoporosis and hypertension concurrently with calcium, vitamin D, and distal diuretics. J Am Geriatr Soc 1984;32:405-7. 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to graded vitamin D3 supplementation among obese adults. No studies have examined whether such screening for vitamin D deficiency results in improved health outcomes [55]. Further research is needed to determine whether vitamin D inadequacy increases cancer risk, whether greater exposure to the nutrient can prevent cancer, and whether some individuals could have an increased risk of cancer because of their vitamin D status over time. Am J Clin Nutr 2014;100:746-55. It added that no national professional organization recommends population screening for vitamin D deficiency. Participants were randomized to take either 30 mcg (1,200 IU)/day vitamin D3 or a placebo for 1 year. Total cancer incidence and mortality Because endogenous vitamin D is derived from cholesterol, statins may also reduce vitamin D synthesis [167]. The mean age of all participants was 67.1 years; 50.6% were women and 20.2% were Black. Another study that compared 200 male smokers in Finland with pancreatic cancer to 400 matched controls found that participants in the highest quintile of 25(OH)D levels (more than 65.5 nmol/L [26.2 ng/mL]) had a threefold greater risk of developing pancreatic cancer over 16.7 years than those in the lowest quintile (less than 32 nmol/L [12.8 ng/mL]) [106]. High serum cholesterol levels and hypertension are two of the main risk factors for CVD. Nutr Rev 2019;77:890-902. Elsevier, 2018. MS is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that damages the myelin sheath surrounding and protecting nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. In addition to bone deformities and pain, severe rickets can cause failure to thrive, developmental delay, hypocalcemic seizures, tetanic spasms, cardiomyopathy, and dental abnormalities [45,46]. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:1697S-705S. Both vitamins D2 and D3 raise serum 25(OH)D levels, and they seem to have equivalent ability to cure rickets [4]. More information about assay standardization is available from the Vitamin D Standardization Program webpage. Type 2 diabetes Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that's involved in many essential body functions. Summary. A collaborative analysis of individual participant data from 19 prospective studies assesses circulating vitamin D and prostate cancer risk. Nutrients 2018; 10, 375; doi:10.3390/nu10030375 [, Mousa A, Naderpoor N, Teede H, Scragg R, de Courten, B. Vitamin D supplementation for improvement of chronic low-grade inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Moreover, the effects did not vary by baseline serum 25(OH)D levels or whether participants took the trials omega-3 supplement in addition to vitamin D. However, another clinical trial designed to investigate bone fracture risk found that 800 IU/day vitamin D3 (with or without calcium) or a placebo in 5,292 adults aged 70 years and older for a median of 6.2 years offered protection from cardiac failure, but not myocardial infarction or stroke [125]. Similarly, the VITAL clinical trial described above found that vitamin D supplements did not significantly decrease rates of heart attacks, strokes, coronary revascularization, or deaths from cardiovascular causes [93]. In the VITAL trial described above, 16,657 men and women 50 years of age and older with no history of depression and 1,696 with an increased risk of recurrent depression (that had not been medically treated for the past 2 years) were randomized to take 50 mcg (2,000 IU)/day vitamin D3 (with or without fish oil) or a placebo for a median of 5.3 years [135]. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation and increased risk of serrated polyps: Results from a randomised clinical trial. 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